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Al-Qur'an (Quran in Indonesian)
Al-Qur'ān (KBBI Spelling: Alquran, Arabic: القرآن) is the holy book of Islam. Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the culmination and closing of God's revelation intended for humans, and part of the pillars of faith, which is conveyed to the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, through the interruption of the angel Jibril, and as the first revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad was as contained in the Surah Al-'alaq Verses 1-5.
In terms of language, the Qur'an comes from Arabic which means "reading" or "something that is read repeatedly". The word al-Qur'an is a form of noun (masdar) from the Qara'a verb which means to read. The concept of using this word can also be found in one of the Qur'anic letters itself, namely in verses 17 and 18 Surah Al-Qiyamah which means:
"Indeed, collecting the Qur'an (in your chest) and (set) the reading (on your tongue) is our dependents. (Because of that,) If we have read it, you should follow {practice} the reading ".
The Qur'an provides a great encouragement to study history fairly, objectively and impartially. Thus the tradition of Islamic science fully takes inspiration from the Qur'an, so that Muslims are able to create a systematic writing of history that is closer to the foundation of astronomical calendar.
Writing (recording in the form of text) The verses of the Qur'an have begun since the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Then the transformation becomes the text that has been bundled into one as found today, was carried out in the Caliph of Uthman bin Affan.
The time of the Prophet Muhammad
During the time when the Prophet Muhammad was still alive, there were some people appointed to write the Qur'an namely Zaid bin Tsabit, Ali bin Abi Talib, Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan and Ubay bin Kaab. Other friends also often write these revelations even though they are not ordered. The writing media used at that time in the form of date palm fronds, stone plates, palm leaves, leather or wooden leaves, saddles, pieces of animal bones. In addition, many friends also immediately memorize the verses of the Qur'an after the revelation was revealed.
Abu Bakar Government
During the Caliphate of Abu Bakr, there were several battles (in a war known as the Ridda War) which resulted in the death of several memorizing the Qur'an in significant amounts. Umar bin Khattab, who at that time was very worried about the situation, then asked Abu Bakr to gather all the writings of the Qur'an which was then scattered among the friends. Abu Bakar then ordered Zaid bin Tsabit as the coordinator of the implementation of the task. After the work is complete and the Qur'an is neatly arranged in one Manuscript, the results are handed over to Abu Bakr. Abu Bakar kept the Manuscripts until his death then the Manuscript moved to Umar as his successor khalifah, then the Manuscript was held by his son, Hafshah who was also the wife of the Prophet Muhammad.
Translation
The translation of the Qur'an is the result of literal translation of the Qur'anic text that is not accompanied by further interpretation efforts. Literal translation should not be considered the true meaning of the Qur'an. Because the Qur'an uses a lafazh with various styles and for a variety of intentions; Sometimes for essential meanings, sometimes also for the meaning of majazi (figurative) or other meanings and meanings.
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